Diabetes mellitus is a fraud of the 21st century.This endocrine disease of the pancreas leads to damage to all organs.Above all the kidneys, eyes, heart and blood vessels suffer.Types of diabetes - dependent on insulin and insulintrous.The first species are more likely to suffer from children and young people under 30, it is transmitted with inheritance genes.In this case, the desired standard of living without the continuous introduction of insulin cannot be achieved.An insulin pump is best with this task.Type 2 diabetes is found in older and elderly people with increased body weight.
In this article, we will consider the differences between the diabetes of the types of 1 and 2.
Characteristics of Type 1 Diabetes
The main mechanism for the development of the disease is the lack of insulin.This is a peptide of the pancreas, produced by the Beta special cells of the Langergan islands.Its main function is to provide glucose that enters the cell.Glucose is the main material of energy, without it, life is impossible.In the first type of diabetes, sugar circulates in the blood, but is unable to enter the cell.Therefore, the diagnosis of the disease is simple, based on the determination of blood glucose.With an increase in its level, you can make an appropriate diagnosis.Due to the need for patients to receive therapy constantly, this diabetes is called insulin dependent.
The causes of the destruction of insulin -producing cells have not been well studied.The most common mechanism of autoimmune lesion is found when their immune cells attack the pancreas.Throughout life, all cells will be destroyed.The only method of treatment is the replacement therapy with insulin.
Types of diabetes are easy to distinguish from one another.
Type 1 disease is inherited.Therefore, it begins to manifest at a young age.The vast majority of patients are detected for up to 30 years.Debuts the disease severely, serious symptoms develop within a short time.The cases are not uncommon when the first type diabetes manifests itself in a coma>.
Other characteristic symptoms include:
- Unbearable thirst;
- Increased appetite;
- dry mouth;
- enlarged urination, including at night;
- pronounced weight loss;
- itching of the skin;
- pronounced weakness;
- sweating;
- Vision of Vision.
Characteristics of Type 2 Diabetes
Occurs with a constantly high consumption of glucose in the body.In the vast majority of cases it develops in patients with overweight.The mechanism of the disease is different, the body's cells either do not perceive glucose or do not perceive insulin.This is due to a violation of metabolism that occurs during overweight.
For a long time the disease does not appear.Then, patients have symptoms -for a long time non -healing wound and cut, dry mouth, visual damage, long swelling.
Type 2 diabetes is dangerous with serious complications:
- Visual violations to blindness;
- decreased kidney function;
- Development of trophic ulcers;
- damage to the heart muscle;
- Frequent and prolonged infections.
The spectrum of the target organs is wide because excess glucose affects blood vessels.That is, all organs and tissues are affected to varying degrees.
Diagnosis of the disease is common for types of diabetes 1 and 2.
We examined the differences between the types of 1 and 2 of diabetes.What do these diseases have in common?
Despite the types of diabetes, the diagnosis is the same.The main test is to determine blood glucose.Normally, this indicator does not exceed 5.5 mmol/l.Diabetes mellitus is diagnosed when glucose levels exceed 6.1 mmol/l.The intermediate result is not regarded as a disease.Sugar sometimes increases with colds, injuries, stressful situations, mismatches with the patient with test rules, taking some medication.In such cases, it is worth repeating the analysis after a few weeks.
In addition to determining blood glucose, other diagnostic methods are also used:
- determination of glycated hemoglobin;
- determination of glucose and acetone in the urine;
- C-peptide determination.
In conditions of scientific centers, in order to distinguish the types of diabetes between them, in controversial cases they use the identification of the genes responsible for the development of hereditary diabetes.
Differences between Types of 1 and 2 of Diabetes
The beginning of diabetes
Types of diabetes vary in the onset of the disease.Inherited diabetes develops suddenly, in new and thin people, continues a lot, requires urgent help.
Type 2 diabetes develops slowly, in older people with an excess body weight, it requires no urgent intervention.
Insulin
It is necessary to treat type 1 and 2 diabetes. The difference in their treatment is great.
Insulin dependent treatment is mandatory.How long the patient will live without complications will live in properly selected insulin therapy.Patients need to study in special schools with diabetes to study their disease, learn to live fully.
The approach to the diabetes therapy acquired is completely different.Only with prolonged type 2 heavy diabetes, after using the entire arsenal of tablets, diabetics are prescribed insulin.
In the modern world, diabetes is not punished, patients live in old age, may be born children.The spectrum of professions that diabetics can own are very wide.
With the first identified diagnosis of type 1 diabetes, patients were hospitalized for choosing insulin doses.After discharge, the diabetes itself controls its diet, the level of glycemia and insulin injections.You should not be limited to food.The dose of the drug should correspond to the amount of glucose in the food.There are bread units to measure it.This is a measurement of sugar content in different types of food.In accordance with the number of bread units eating, the patient should inject the equivalent dose of insulin in order to avoid a coma.
BE
With the first type of second type diabetes, the main emphasis is on the right nutrition.The patient is forbidden to eat sweet, flour, sweet fruits, juices, some cereals.If blood sugar is not achieved by changing food, medicines are prescribed to reduce sugar.
Identifying congenital diabetes involves a cardinal change in lifestyle.Now the patient is associated with a vital dose of insulin.Rejection of treatment means death.
PREVENTION
In addition to treatment, the change in two types of diabetes is the possibility of prevention.It is impossible to prevent first -type diabetes.But type 2 diabetes is not only possible, but also necessary.Obesity, lack of motor activity, sweet abuse leads to disease.